International Relations Japan’s Engagement with China,...

Introduction The study of international relations rests on the premise that there is always a sensible way of explaining a nation’s grand strategy, for they would not survive otherwise. From the Classical Period to the Middle Ages, from the Renaissance to the twenty-first century, historians, statesman, and political theorists have attempted to provide reason and understanding behind the decisions made by nation-states. More often than not, whether through realism or liberalism, through social constructivism or even Marxism, the theories of international relations have been able to define the guidelines for decision-making. Yet, there are times when those choices are rather questionable, and a new explanation may be called for, one that†¦show more content†¦For this analysis, the level of engagement is measured in terms of economic indicators – official development, foreign direct investment, and trade – and by the absence of assertive policies (the pres ence of which would, under certain circumstances, signal a move away from engagement). Thus, the level of engagement is established on the upper threshold by high numbers of the indicators and by the absence or low concern of assertive policies against the emerging threat, and on the lower threshold by a decrease in the indicators, an increase in assertive policies, or both; these two extremes are â€Å"cooperativeShow MoreRelatedJapan And China Relations During The End Of World War II1856 Words   |  8 PagesJapan and China have been in cold relations ever since the end of World War II. After the war, there was barely any diplomacy to bring together their relation. Not until 1972 Prime Minister Kakuei Tanaka of Japan visited China with an official invitation. At the scene, both sides were willing for reconciliation and normalization, result with the Joint Communique between two governments. From that moment on, the (economic) relations of the two nations has been reestablished, encouraged and developedRead MoreAnalysis Of The Article 9 Of The Japanese Constitution 2725 Words   |  11 Pagespost-WWII history of Japan and posits that the confluence of the rise of previously benign China along with a shifting U.S. strategy in Asia remain the principal factors driving the constitutional reinterpretation. It is a calculated response which has caused Japan to take a new angle in favor of increased military cooperation, a significant albeit justified break from the pacifist connotations of Article 9. Japan’s Recovery In the immediate wake of World War II, Japan was a humiliated, devastated, andRead MoreGlobal Business Cultural Analysis: China Essay4992 Words   |  20 PagesGlobal Business Cultural Analysis: China Terry Lushbaugh BUSI 604 International Business Liberty University Abstract The following examines the nation of China and its trade relations with the world, particularly the United States. The focus is primarily on China’s culture and how it impacts business dealings with other countries. Areas examined include: Religion, Management Philosophy, and Business Etiquette. Also discussed is China’s growing status as a world super power and how thatRead MoreComparison Between Japan and Russia13811 Words   |  56 PagesBackground 4 Tsunami Devastates Japan 5 History 6 Geographical facts 8 Demographical facts 9 Economic facts 11 FOREIGN RELATIONS 13 Governmental facts 15 Infrastructural facts 16 Russia 18 Background 18 History 18 Geographical facts 20 Demographical facts 20 Economical Facts 20 FOREIGN RELATIONS 22 Governmental facts 22 Infrastructural facts 22 Cultural dimensions according to Geert Hofstede 24 Individualism 25 Read More How the United States Must Handle China and Its Military in the 21st Century4404 Words   |  18 Pagespolicies, and project their military might all while working to advance the global system. Enticing China to become a responsible pillar of the global system will be one of the greatest challenges of coming decades for the United States and the Western world-particularly since it appears for the moment China is uninterested in playing such a role. This is the unique situation the United States and China find themselves in, with so many mutual interests, and as the global economy begins to slow, challengesRead MoreForeign Trade of China13010 Words   |  53 PagesForeign Trade of China K.C. Fung University of California, Santa Cruz Hitomi Iizaka University of California, Santa Cruz Sarah Tong University of Hong Kong June 2002 Paper prepared for an international conference on â€Å"China’s Economy in the 21st Century†, to be held on June 24-25, 2002, Hong Kong. We would like to thank Alan Siu and Richard Wong for their encouragement. 1. Introduction On December 11, 2001, China officially joined the World Trade Organization (WTO) and became its 143rdRead MoreInternational Management67196 Words   |  269 PagesThis page intentionally left blank International Management Culture, Strategy, and Behavior Eighth Edition Fred Luthans University of Nebraska–Lincoln Jonathan P. Doh Villanova University INTERNATIONAL MANAGEMENT: CULTURE, STRATEGY, AND BEHAVIOR, EIGHTH EDITION Published by McGraw-Hill, a business unit of The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc., 1221 Avenue of the Americas, New York, NY 10020. Copyright  © 2012 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Previous editions  © 2009Read MoreOne Significant Change That Has Occurred in the World Between 1900 and 2005. Explain the Impact This Change Has Made on Our Lives and Why It Is an Important Change.163893 Words   |  656 PagesMichael Adas for the American Historical Association TEMPLE UNIVERSITY PRESS PHILADELPHIA Temple University Press 1601 North Broad Street Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19122 www.temple.edu/tempress Copyright  © 2010 by Temple University All rights reserved Published 2010 Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Essays on twentieth century history / edited by Michael Peter Adas for the American Historical Association. p. cm.—(Critical perspectives on the past) Includes bibliographicalRead MoreEdexcel Igcse Economics Answer49663 Words   |  199 Pageshighest bid made in the time period allowed. (d) The market system has two main functions. One is to determine the prices of goods and the other is to allocate the resources in an economy. Therefore B is the correct answer.  © Pearson Education Ltd 2010 1 Answers: Section A: The Market System (e) In any market, sellers will try to sell goods at the highest possible price. In complete contrast buyers will do the opposite. They will try to buy at the lowest price. However, if sellers refuseRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 Pagesx CONTENTS Values 144 The Importance of Values 144 †¢ Terminal versus Instrumental Values 144 †¢ Generational Values 145 Linking an Individual’s Personality and Values to the Workplace 148 Person–Job Fit 148 †¢ Person–Organization Fit 150 International Values 150 Summary and Implications for Managers 154 S A L Self-Assessment Library Am I a Narcissist? 132 Myth or Science? Personality Predicts the Performance of Entrepreneurs 142 glOBalization! The Right Personality for a Global Workplace

Lincoln vs. Davis Essay - 1918 Words

Lincoln vs. Davis Charles Beard, a noted historian said that the American Civil War was a conflict between industry and agriculture. Alexander Stephens, a southern statesman said that the war was about states rights. Horace Greeley, a northern newspaper man, and prominent abolitionist claimed the war was fought over the issue of slavery. Abraham Lincoln said it was a struggle testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated can long endure. Lincoln said his paramount object was to save the Union, and if he could accomplish that by not freeing any slaves, he would free none; if I could save it by freeing all the slaves I would do it; and if I could save it by†¦show more content†¦They died for the Union, and beyond that for the idea of democracy, so that the ray of hope sent forth by the American Revolution would never dim (Stephen E. Ambrose). The issue of the Civil War was democracy. Lincoln saw to it that the North fought to insure that government of the people, by the people, and for the people shall not perish from the earth. The constitution drawn up at Montgomery defined the new government as the creation of sovereign and independent states. Davis subscribed to the principles of state sovereignty but he was far less provincial in his views than were many of his fellow Confederates. As the Souths chief executive he was tremendously handicapped by the deep and pervasive attachment of Southerners to states rights(Bell I. Wiley). Davis was also handicapped by the excessive individualism which characterized the Souths ruling classes. The individualism was a product of the plantation system. Each planter was in effect a petty sovereign and his exalted status tended to make him self-reliant, proud, resentful of opposition, and averse to teamwork. Great men are never cruel without necessity. In war as in politics, no evil, even if it is permissible under the rules,Show MoreRelatedEssay on Presidential Power in a National Crisis1211 Words   |   5 Pageshis nation while keeping the public under control. Lincoln. Roosevelt and Truman proposed bills to stop or prevent the national crises that plagued the country. In 1861, the country was dividing into two and President Lincoln had to reunite the Union. His plan was to start a war between the North and South in order to end the national crisis. In May of 1861, Congress was going through a 9-week emergency period and couldnt pass any laws. Lincoln was given full executive power. This was all he neededRead MoreRhetorical Analysis Of Abraham Lincoln s Gettysburg Address 1669 Words   |  7 PagesFinal Take-Home Questions AUHIS 454: the Civil War Zoraa Lutas QUESTION 1 Abraham Lincoln speech given at Gettysburg, Pennsylvania on November 19, 1863 was described by Senator Charles Sumner, in 1865, stating â€Å"the battle itself was less important than the speech.† Explain. U.S. President Abraham Lincoln was not given the spotlight at the Soldiers’ National Cemetery on November 19, 1863, and was instead invited to give a few remarks. In fact Edward Everett’s speech would have been the officialRead MoreThe United States And The Civil War1064 Words   |  5 Pagessucceeded from the United States of America. However, Abraham Lincoln’s initial goal was to keep the Union as a whole, as he continuously worked on achieving this goal. There are many accountable reasons for the Civil War, but the disagreement on slave vs. free states and the election of 1860 were the two main causes to the succeeding of the south. Slavery had always been a big issue in the 19th century. The south believed that slavery was essential for the development of the southern economy. As seenRead MoreThe Civil Rights Movement : Thurgood Marshall Law1501 Words   |  7 Pagestrail for the Civil Rights Movement from two sides of the American Legal System, both as a lawyer, and as a Justice of the Supreme Court. Marshall’s initial rise to fame came as a result of his success as the head lawyer for the Brown family in Brown vs. The Board of Education. Later, Marshall was appointed to the Supreme Court, making him the first ever African American Supreme Court Justice in American history. Overall, Marshall’s impact as a lawyer, a judge, and an activist, was essential to theRead MoreAfrican American Removal Act Of 1830909 Words   |  4 Pagesin society there was a lot to figure out. Abraham Lincoln took lenient measures and leaned toward a punishment free quick resolution with his 10 percent plan. However, congress reacted hastily and denied that his power as president to pardon gave him any authority on which to implement his reconstruction plan. This led into a back forth affair between the legislative and executive branch which began in 1864 when congress passed the Wade-Davis Bill. It proposed that congress should oversee theRead MoreEconomic Development in the United States1017 Words   |  4 Pageswere grown. It died down after the American Revolution, but when cotton became more plentiful it rose again. Most whit e people were racist towards blacks because of their skin color so they used them as slaves for their plantations. States Rights vs. Strong Federal Governments Many people thought that the Federal Government should have the right to overrule state laws for a consistant basis of rights for individuals. Some pointed towards the 10th Amendment and said that they didn’t have the rightRead MoreCivil War Vs. The Right And The Left793 Words   |  4 PagesCivil war vs. The Right and the Left America is a new country. Here, the first time ever, a group of brave people cut out the bondage from Europe, free the philosophers, thinkers, also gave people desire to founding a new country. In the United States, human rights is the foundation for building this country. â€Å"I hold that in contemplation of universal law and of the Constitution the Union of these States is perpetual.† Read from the Abraham Lincoln First Inaugural Address. President Lincoln have putRead MoreThe United States Of America1490 Words   |  6 PagesSlavery was illegal in any existing or new states located north of the 36 30 line also known as the Mason Dixon Line that separated the North and the South. The Missouri Compromise and the Great Compromise of 1850 settled further disputes about free vs. slave states, but it was only a matter of time before the crisis could be put off no more as the word secession had already been brought up in discussions in congress. The founder’s biggest nigh tmare had become a reality as the American Civil War wasRead MoreThe Secession Of 1860 Could Not Be Blamed On One Event Or Idea? Essay841 Words   |  4 PagesJohn Brown, and the court decision of Dredd Scott vs. Sanford, both North and South were furious. South Carolina responded by being the first to succeed from the union on December 20,1860 in response to the election of Abraham Lincoln. One by one states followed South Carolina. In February all representatives of the states that succeeded gathered in Montgomery, Alabama. They formed the Confederate States of America, Confederacy, with Jefferson Davis as their president. In result of this action, itRead MoreAmerican Reconstruction after the Civil War Essay1228 Words   |  5 Pagesthe Civil War (1865-1877) that was supposed to be the rebuilding of America. It was also the process used to readmit all the Confederate states back into the Union. There was controversy, however, on how to go about rebuilding the nation. Abraham L incoln proposed a lenient plan. After he was assassinated, Andrew Johnson proposed a very similar plan. The Radical Republicans, a group of legislators that were in favor of freedmen’s rights, were opposed to both plans under â€Å"Presidential Reconstruction†

Northern States Power Essay Example For Students

Northern States Power Essay A leader in todays economic world, Northern StatesPower (NSP) is recognized for its outstanding performancein both regulated and nonregulated operations. Its regulatedoperation serves over two million electric and gascustomers in Minnesota, Wisconsin, North Dakota, SouthDakota, Arizona, and Michigan (NSP InvestorsOverview 1). Its head offices are located in Minneapolis,Minnesota, and the Chairman, President and ChiefExecutive Officer (CEO) is Mr. James J. Howard III(Howard 1). Its Viking Gas Transmission CompanySubsidiary owns and operates a 500-mile natural gaspipeline (NSP Investors Overview 1). Northern StatesPower is one of the nations leading energy companies withcompetitive rates, responsive service, and dependable andreliable energy. A relationship with NSP begans when theysign up for services with them; moreover, when you chooseto live in a certain area. Some of the facts about NSP areservices/people, profit, rates, and sources of power,standings, first aid/safety, Y2K, mer ger, and about howthey help within the community. In North Dakota, NSPprovides service to more than 80,000 electric customersand 30,000 gas customers in Fargo, Grand Forks, Minot,and many surrounding communities (NSP NorthernDakota 1). They have served in these communities for over80 years (Northern States Power Energy Wise 2). Bypowering the world, NSP brings energy to (Howard 6): ?The international markets where we do business ? Thecommunities close to home where we contribute time andmoney ? To customers, who have ever-increasing energyneeds and choices ? To employees, who make the energywork ? And finally, to youthe shareholderswho haveplaced trust in them The 24th straight year in a row to markgrowth for NSP was 1998. Northern States Powerscommon stocks are traded on three different exchanges:New York Stock, Chicago Stock, and Pacific Stock. Itsticker tape symbol is NSP. Newspaper stock tables listNSP Company as NoStPw, NoStPwr, or NSPw (NSP Investors Overviews 2). Northern St ates Power and itssubsidiaries reported earning of $52.3 million or 34 cents ashare, for the first quarter of 1999. Operating revenue forthe quarter was up 6 percent to $743.2 million. Warmerweather, increased maintenance, and Y2K computer workis the cause of the decreased earning (NSP First-quarter). Advantages to being a registered shareholder are (NSP Investors overview 2): ? Dividend checks are sent directlyto you, deposited in the back account you designate, ormaybe reinvested in the company as you choose ? Youmay purchase additional stock (through dividendreinvestment and optional investment plans) with little or nofees ? You may deposit your share certificates with thecompany for safekeeping if you sign up for the DividendReinvestment Program ? Shareholder company mailingswill be sent directly to your address Electricity is anextremely price-volatile commodity. The price of on-peakelectricity on 15 April 1998 ranged from $20 permegawatt-hour to $38 per megawatt-hour. Competitiveprices serve us well today. But becomes an even greateradvantage in a competitive market (Howard 3). In tryingto compare different electrical Service Companies, I talkedwith my Uncle, Edward Schiele, from Karlsruhe, NorthDakota. I asked him what his monthly electric bill averagesand he said it is bet ween $100 to $115 a month during thewinter months. Verendrye Electric Cooperative out ofVelva, North Dakota, services Karlsruhe with its electricalneeds. Karlsruhe is a rural community of around 150-200people (Schiele, Edward). Our families electrical serviceneeds are serviced by NSP. My Mother, Virginia Schiele,said our last electrical bill was only $41.49. That is a bigdifference from my uncles bill. Additionally, my mother toldme that when we lived in Holiday Village Trailer Court wewere serviced by Verendrye Electric and the bill averagedaround $80 a month in the winter (Schiele, Virginia). Across North Dakota theyre many different electricalcompanies. Electricity from other utility companies can costup to 63 percent more than from Northern States Power. In checking nine different companies, they ranged from$72.50 a month with Cass County Electric to NorthernStates Power at $49.68. Northern States Power has thelowest electric rates for Northern Dakota customers. Ifyoure looking for the best value, it definitely is NorthernStates Power (Northern States Power Energy Wise 2). There is always a challenge on energy pricing. In recentyears, many businesses have explored co-generation. Thatis harnessing energy from the excess heat produced inmanufacturing (Brauer 2). Northern States Power isinvesting in renewable sources of power. It is studying theuse of solar, wind, and biomass energy sources and howthey fit into our energizes future needs (Northern StatesPower Company Home 2). During the 7th Century, theancient Persians were believed to have built the firstwindmill. The earlier windmills use driving pumps orgrindstones to produce power. Todays windmills useblades and were once a common sight on American farms(NSP Renew Wind 1). Wind turbines, the moderncounterpart of windmills, drive electric generators. Aturbine, installed on top of a tower, has three blades with arotor diameter of 160 feet. Towers average 100 to 175feet tall (NSP Renew Wind 1). A turbine operates underthe same principal as an airplane wings. Lift is the force thatpulls the blades covetin g the linear motion into rotationalmotion that drives an electric generator. It takes 67 to 200wind turbines to generate 100 megawatts of electricity(NSP Renew Wind 2). As with all sources of generation,NSP seeks to minimize the advantage and minimize thedisadvantages. They choose companies who can providethe latest, most cost-effective technology and select sitesidentified through extensive research as the windiest area. Parts of speech Analysis EssayNorthern States Powers action after this incident was toplace safety cones only five feet apart (Horsfall). NorthernStates Power goes international when they entered into adefinitive merger agreement with the Denver, Colorado,based New Century Energies (NSP New Release 1). The two utilities companies plan to create the nationsthird-largest utility company servicing well over three millioncustomers in the Untied Sates and two million customersinternationally. The new yet to be named company willstretch from the Canadian border to Mexico with a strongglobal presence in the Untied Kingdom, Central Europe,Australia, and South America (Padley 1). The merger isexpected to result in a net savings over the next 10 year ofover $1.1 billion. Additionally, it is expected to be atax-free, stock-for-stock exchange for shareholders ofboth companies. This merger prepares the new companyfor where the industry is going and not where it is todaywhich is important to customers of the future (NSP NewRelease 3). Working with retirees and their families, NSPworks to improve the quality of life in our communities. They support local and national initiatives and providedirect support for any involvement with schools, students,and community-based organizations (NSP Community 1 2). Northern States Power supports a wide variety ofcommunity based programs (NSP Community 1 2): ?Education Partnerships ? Event Support ? EnergyEducation K-12 ? Calendar Contest K-6 ? NonprofitBoard Participation ? Power Plant Tours ? SpeakersBureau ? Volunteerism The majority of these programs arebased in the Minneapolis and St Paul, Minnesota, area; butyou can contact any NSP office to see what services areavailable in your area. You can also request additionalinformation at emailprotected (NSP Community1). To sum things up, it has been said NSP is the energy tomake things happen. In doing the math, I found that lookingat the services/people, sources of power, rates, profits,Y2K, community involvement, and merger information thatyou cant go wrong in choosing NSP if you live in thereserving area. Northern States Power is the best value fouryour moneyany money does not go as far as it use to. Customers who get there electrical and gas needs fromNSP or anyone of their subsidiaries are truly the winners intodays world and getting their monies worth. Works CitedBrauer, David. NSPs Grass-Roots Political Strategy.Corporate Report Minnesota, Mar 94, Vol. 25, Issue 3,P40, 1p Deliver System Construction Field Operations. Monthly Performance Update. January 1999 Howard,James J. III. 1998 Shareholders Annual Meeting. Online. Microsoft Explorer. Internet. 22 March 1999. Available:http://www.nspco.com/ nsp/jjhspeech/jh042298.htmMissouri Valley Line Constructors Apprenticeship. FirstAid. September 1993 NSP Biomass. Online. MicrosoftExplorer. Internet. 25 March 1999. Available:http://www.nspco.com/renewables/biomass.htm NSP Community Involvement. Online. Microsoft Explorer. Internet. 22 March 1999. Available:http://www.nspco.com/nsp/Community%20involvement/cominv.htm NSP Environmental Initiaitives. Online. Microsoft Explorer. Internet. 22 March 1999. Available:http://www.nspco.com/environ.htm NSP First-quarterEarning Cut. Minot Daily News 16 April 1999: B6 NSP News Release. Online. Microsoft Explorer. Internet. 25March 1999. Availablehttp://nspco.com/nsp/nwsrel/nwsrel98/123098.htm NSP News Release. Online. Microsoft Explorer. Internet. 26March 1999. Availablehttp://nspco.com/nsp/nwsrel/032599nr.htm NSP NorthDakota. Online. Microsoft Explorer. Internet. 22 March1999. Available http://www.nspco.com/nsp/nd.htm NSP Renew Wind. Online. Microsoft Explorer. Internet. 25March 1999. Available:http://www.nspco.com/renewables/wind.htm NSP Solar. Online. Microsoft Explorer. Internet. 25 March 1999. Available: http://www.nspco.com/renewables/solar.htmNorthern States Power Investors Overview. Online. Microsoft Explorer. Internet. 22 March 1999. Available:http://www.corporate-ir.net/ ireye/ ir_site.zhtml?ticker=nspscript= 2100layout=7 Northern StatesPower Energy Wise (Publication for NSP Customers)Spring 1999 Northern States Power Company HomePage. Online. Microscoft Explorer. Internet. 22 March1999. Available: http://www.nspco.com/ Padley, Karen. NSP, Denver Utility to Merge. Saint Paul Pioneer Press,Minnesota. 25 March 1999. Northern States Power is oneof the nations leading energy companies with competitiverates, responsive service, and dependable and reliableenergy. Introduction I. Services/People A. ND CustomersB. Responsible II. Profit A. Growth B. Exchanges C. Benefits to Shareholders III Rates A. Prices B. Comparisons C. Bottom Line IV Sources of Power A. Wind B. Solar C. Biomass D. Environmental V StandingsA. Lost Work Days B. Safety Incidents C. ProjectsOn-Time VI Y2K A. Budget C. Completed VI First Aid /Safety A. Time B. Knowledge C. Incident D. OutcomeVIII Merger A. Reliable X Community A. ProgramsSupported B. Contact Conclusion Miscellaneous

Maslows Hierarchy Of Needs Essays - Happiness, Motivational Theories

Maslow's Hierarchy Of Needs The hierarchy of needs and the hygiene theory are alike but are also different. I shall go through each one of these theories and inform the reader of these differences and similarities. Each one in its own right is correct but now that we near the millenium, we should rethink or atleast re-read these theories and see if they are, in fact, still alive today. Abraham Maslow is known for establishing the theory of a hierarchy of needs, writing that human beings are motivated by unsatisfied needs, and that certain lower needs need to be satisfied before higher needs can be satisfied. Maslow studied exemplary people such as Albert Einstein, Jane Addams, Eleanor Roosevelt, and Frederick Douglas rather than mentally ill or neurotic people. This was a radical departure from two of the chief schools of psychology of his day: Freud and B.F. Skinner. Freud saw little difference between the motivations of humans and animals. We are supposedly rational beings; however, we do not act that way. Such pessimism, Maslow believed, was the result of Freud's study of mentally ill people. The study of crippled, stunted, immature, and unhealthy specimens can yield only a cripple psychology and a cripple philosophy (Motivation and Personality). Skinner, on the other hand, studied how pigeons and white rats learn. His motivational models were based on simple re wards such as food and water, sex, and avoidance of pain. Say sit to your dog and give the dog a treat when it sits, and-after several repetitions--the dog will sit when you command it to do so. Maslow thought that psychologists should instead study the playfulness, affection, etc., of animals. Maslow's hierarchy of needs was an alternative to the depressing determinism of Freud and Skinner. He felt that people are basically trustworthy, self-protecting, and self-governing. Humans tend toward growth and love. Although there is a continuous cycle of human wars, murder, deceit, etc., he believed that violence is not what human nature is meant to be like. Violence and other evils occur when human needs are thwarted. In other words, people who are deprived of lower needs such as safety may defend themselves by violent means. He did not believe that humans are violent because they enjoy violence. Or that they lie, cheat, and steal because they enjoy doing it. According to Maslow, there are general types of needs (physiological, safety, love, and esteem) that must be satisfied before a person can act unselfishly. He called these needs deficiency needs. As long as we are motivated to satisfy these cravings, we are moving towards growth, toward self-actualization. Satisfying needs is healthy; locking gratification makes us sick or evil. In other words, we are all needs junkies with cravings that must be satisfied and should be satisfied. Else, we become sick. Needs are proponent. A proponent need is one that has the greatest influence over our actions. Everyone has a proponent need, but that need will vary among individuals. A teenager may have a need to feel that a group accepts him. A heroin addict will need to satisfy his/her cravings for heroin to function normally in society, and will not worry about acceptance by other people. According to Maslow, when the deficiency needs are met: At once other (and higher) needs emerge, and these, rather than physiological hungers, dominate the organism. And when these in turn are satisfied, again new (and still higher) needs emerge, and so on. As one desire is satisfied, another pops up to take its place. Physiological needs are the very basic needs such as air, water, food, sleep, sex, etc. When these are not satisfied we may feel sickness, irritation, pain, discomfort, etc. These feelings motivate us to alleviate them as soon as possible to establish homeostasis. Once they are alleviated, we may think about other things. Safety needs have to do with establishing stability and consistency in a chaotic world. These needs are mostly psychological in nature. We need the security of a home and family. However, if a family is dysfunction, i.e., an abusive husband, the wife cannot move to the next level because she is constantly concerned for her safety. Love and belongingness have to wait until she is